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Sovereignty Quiz
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"Indian" is the term most commonly used by indigenous people and federal agencies. This is so even though the term "Indian" originated when Christopher Columbus erroneously believed he had reached Asia (the Indies). In local communities, people also commonly refer to themselves by the name of their community or the name of their ethnic group (for example, "Menominee"). The term "Native American" is most popular among academics. Both terms are generally acceptable. Recently, the term "Native American" has been applied to Native Hawaiians and Native Pacific Islanders.
2) Most Indians in the Midwest today live / do not live on reservations.
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More than half the American Indian population from the Midwest region lives in urban areas, not on reservations. But most of those living off their home reservations return to these communities for visits, ceremonies, and sometimes retirement. At least half of the members of any particular Midwest tribe live off the tribe's reservation or home community. Many Indians in the Midwest are from tribes throughout the country, and most live in Chicago, Milwaukee, Detroit, and Minneapolis, as well as in other cities and smaller towns. In 2000 about 16 percent of American Indians were living in the Midwest.
3) The Native peoples in the Midwest at the time Europeans arrived spoke / did not speak one common language.
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The languages spoken in the Midwest region belong to three distinct language families. The Algonquian family includes seven languages that were not mutually intelligible: Ojibwa-Ottawa (Ojibwa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi are different dialects of the same language), Menominee, Miami-Illinois (Miami and Illinois are different dialects), Shawnee, Sauk-Fox (Sauk and Fox are different dialects), and Kickapoo. The Siouan language family includes Dakota and Winnebago, two mutually unintelligible languages. The Oneida language belongs to the Iroquoian language family.
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Before 1924 Indians as a group were not citizens (although an occasional individual might attain citizenship). In 1924 Congress passed legislation that made Indians citizens. As citizens, they were subject to the military draft, but before World War II, they volunteered to serve. As citizens they could vote in national elections.
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A reservation is an area of land "reserved" for an Indian tribe or tribes to live on if they choose. The title to the land is held in trust by the U. S. for the benefit of said Indians. Trust status means that the U. S. protects the land for Indian use by such means as exempting it from state and local taxation.